Typhoon
Typhoon
2025-09-28
Translated by DeepSeek
https://cmlai1218.blogspot.com/2025/09/blog-post_27.html?m=1
Broadly speaking, a "typhoon" is a tropical cyclone . It begins as a tropical disturbance, develops into a tropical depression, and then intensifies into a tropical storm—at which point it is named, for example, Ragasa. If it continues to gain energy, it may strengthen into a typhoon or even a super typhoon. After reaching its peak intensity, it gradually weakens, especially after making landfall, eventually deteriorating back into a tropical depression before dissipating .
The center of a typhoon is called the eye. The eyewall surrounding the eye is where the strongest winds are found, and these wind speeds are typically reported by meteorological agencies. The movement speed of the eye represents the overall speed at which the typhoon travels (e.g., Ragasa moved consistently at around 22 km/h). The diameter of the eye is typically several tens of kilometers, though larger ones exist. Intense typhoons sometimes undergo eyewall replacement, often emerging stronger afterward. However, in Ragasa's case, the wind speed remained the same (230 km/h) after the replacement cycle, indicating a failed eyewall replacement; during this process, the winds within the eyewall temporarily weakened (to 220 km/h) .
A typhoon extends vertically to the top of the troposphere, just below the stratosphere. As winds spiral inward toward the eye, they rise rapidly upon reaching the eyewall, ascend into the upper atmosphere, and then flow outward. In the Northern Hemisphere, typhoons rotate counterclockwise inward. When the air reaches the stratospheric level, it flows outward in a clockwise direction .
Typhoons do not have a sharp boundary, but their radius can be estimated using isobars (lines of equal atmospheric pressure) or wind speed thresholds. Standard atmospheric pressure is approximately 101.3 kPa. Areas where pressure reaches this value or where wind speeds drop below approximately 45 km/h can be considered the outer boundary. At its maximum extent, Ragasa's diameter spanned the entire coastal region of Guangdong Province.
When a typhoon approaches specific locations like Luzon, Tainan, Hong Kong, or Macau, warnings are issued to allow residents to prepare. Warning systems vary by region: Hong Kong and Macau use similar systems, Mainland China uses a color-coded system, and the Philippines uses a numerical scale. These systems have evolved over time, ranging from simple four-level alerts to more detailed six or seven-level scales .
Wind force and wind speed share the same units (e.g., km/h or knots) and indicate the velocity of moving air, which has direction. The Beaufort scale can be used to correlate wind speeds with typhoon intensity and warning levels. Numerical scales provide precise descriptions, while terms like "tropical storm," "typhoon," and "hurricane" have region-specific definitions. For instance, Hong Kong added "Severe Typhoon" and "Super Typhoon" classifications in 2009. In the Eastern Pacific and Atlantic, similar systems are termed "hurricanes" .
A typhoon is a system driven by air, water, and heat, influenced also by topography (mountain ranges). It essentially traps a mass of air, continuously drawing in surrounding air, spiraling it towards the eyewall, lifting it into the stratosphere, and then releasing it outward, completing a cycle. One might wonder where the typhoon's "weight" concentrates—perhaps in the eyewall?
Studying typhoons can be seen as a study of wind and water—not in the geomantic sense of traditional divination, but as fundamental elements of our meteorological environment. Weather constitutes the immediate environment for human survival and requires protection, as environmental degradation adversely affects health. And what of the cosmos beyond our atmosphere?
Black Holes
In the universe, there exists a celestial phenomenon somewhat analogous to a typhoon: the black hole.
A black hole has an event horizon, which represents the boundary of observation. We cannot directly observe the interior of a black hole; its properties are inferred primarily through mathematical models. Imagine a sheet of paper representing space, with a hole punched through it. A line drawn on the paper stops at the edge of the hole; it doesn't continue to the other side or the layer beneath—unless it traverses the hole's opening itself. This edge, the event horizon, remains enigmatic to anything else on the 'paper's surface.' It's uncertain if the density or other properties of the matter at this boundary differ significantly from other regions. While we don't know if there is an upper limit to density, when ultra-dense objects like white dwarfs or neutron stars undergo further gravitational collapse, if density has a limit, the matter might explode. If it doesn't fragment, it could collapse into a singular entity, perhaps like a balloon or ball where mass is concentrated on the surface, leaving a hollow interior—a speculative idea.
Many mysteries surrounding black holes—formed from collapsed stars like white dwarfs, neutron stars, or other stellar remnants—remain unsolved. Sometimes, expert explanations can sound like science fiction, heavily reliant on mathematical theory. As Einstein said, "Imagination is more important than knowledge." This topic invites imaginative thinking. Proposing an upper limit for density, for instance, is an exercise in imagination. Comparing a typhoon to a black hole also requires imagination. The concept that black holes might eject ingested matter into another universe, often suggested by theorists, remains unproven.
Typhoons are near, affecting human life directly; black holes are immensely distant, with no direct impact on our daily existence. Which should command more of our immediate attention?
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翻譯要點說明:
· 專業術語處理: 使用氣象學標準英文術語（如 tropical cyclone, eyewall replacement, landfall）。
· 概念類比轉換: 將「事象地平線」譯為標準天文學術語 "event horizon"，並用 "sheet of paper" 類比幫助理解。
· 文化特定表述: 對「風水之學」採用意譯（"wind and water"）並補充說明其非玄學背景。
· 結構忠實性: 保留原文從颱風到黑洞的哲思推演結構，使用分段與標題維持邏輯層次。
· 單位與數值: 保留原文的公里/小時（km/h）單位並維持數值精確性。
Source:
https://cmlai1218.blogspot.com/2025/09/blog-post_27.html?m=1
香港天文台
熱帶氣旋
https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/informtc/tcMain.htm
Tropical cyclone
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclone
Beaufort wind force scale
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_scale
by cmlai
2025-09-28
https://www.stoptrek.net/
https://hkese.net/@cmlai1218_j8k
https://cmlai1218.blogspot.com/?m=1